View source for DANIEL J. CALLAGHAN, RADM, USN

{{KeyDates|name_class=Daniel Callaghan '11|DoB=July 26, 1890|DoD=November 13, 1942|Age=52}}

{{LuckyBag|LBLink=https://archive.org/details/luckybag1911unse|class=1911
|picture=1911 Callaghan LB.jpg
|LBName=Daniel Judson Callaghan
|LBHometown=San Francisco, California
|LBNickname="Dan"
|LBText=DAN came to the Academy a quiet, steady fellow, and leaves it just as quiet, but steadier. One of the very few men who have not changed their good habits and who have not acquired bad ones. He has a rare combination of straight-forwardness, dignity, and generosity, that makes him one of the most respected and admired men in the Brigade. One of the big, strong men of the class, and his athletic record is enviable despite the fact that he has been handicapped by injuries every season. His buzzard Second Class year and stripes the next came as no surprise to his friends; his success as a three-striper has shown that he deserved all he got. He has a clear, level head and a remarkable memory, but his class standing has suffered because of his extensive letter-writing. His claims to being a Red Mike have suffered sadly during the last two years.
|LBECAs=''White Numerals (4), White N 2d (3), White N (2), Hustlers, Lucky Bag Staff''
|LBOther=Daniel Judson Callaghan was born in San Francisco, July 26, 1890, where he lived until his appointment to the Naval Academy. Attended St. Ignatius College in San Francisco. He was appointed from California by Senator Perkins.}}

== Loss ==
Daniel was [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/10091654/daniel-judson-callaghan lost] when [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_San_Francisco_(CA-38) USS San Francisco (CA 38)] was severely damaged during the [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Naval_Battle_of_Guadalcanal Naval Battle of Guadalcanal] on November 13, 1942. He was embarked as Commander of Task Force 67.

== Biography ==
From [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_J._Callaghan Wikipedia]:
<blockquote>
Callaghan was born on July 26, 1890, in San Francisco, California, the son of businessman Charles William Callaghan and Rose Wheeler Callaghan. The family was devout Roman Catholic. One of his younger brothers, William Callaghan (1897–1991), would later go on to a career in the US Navy as well. Both brothers studied at Saint Ignatius College Preparatory in San Francisco, the elder graduating in the class of 1907. He then graduated from the United States Naval Academy in 1911. His first assignment was on board the armored cruiser USS California (ACR-6), in command of a turret with twin 8-inch guns. He was promoted to the rank of Ensign on May 21, 1912.

His second assignment was on the destroyer USS Truxtun (DD-14) in mid-1913. He was promoted to Lieutenant (Junior Grade) in May 1915. In his first few years of service, he developed a reputation as a conscientious sailor, noted for avoiding heavy alcohol consumption and regularly attending Mass. His dedication to naval gunnery also became apparent. Some years later, one of his captains, Joel Pringle, would write: "[Callaghan's] devotion to duty, sound judgment and ability to inspire loyalty in his subordinates have resulted in a constant and steady increase in the efficiency of the above mentioned batteries. At the recent battle practice of the Pacific Fleet in 5-inch guns, he made the largest percentage of hits of any ship of the Fleet."

During his first few years of naval service, Callaghan had been courting Mary Tormey of Oakland, California; the two married on July 23, 1914. Their son, Daniel Judson Callaghan Jr., was born in Alameda, California, on October 16, 1915.

In July 1915, the Truxtun was on its way to Alaska when it broke down and was unable to continue its mission. Initially, the blame fell on Callaghan, who had apparently ordered incorrect parts for the condenser. He was suspended from duty and ordered to appear before a court-martial. Subsequent investigation, however, found that another man was responsible for the error and Callaghan received a full acquittal and was reinstated. A few months later, he was appointed as commanding officer of the Truxtun, but the stress of his trial appeared to have left its mark—at the age of 25 years, his hair had already turned gray.

Callaghan's next posting was to the cruiser USS New Orleans (CL-22) in November 1916. Following the entry of the United States into World War I, in April 1917, the New Orleans escorted cargo ships crossing the Atlantic Ocean. It was at this time that he first met Ross McIntire, a surgeon, who would later have a significant impact on his career. According to biographer Francis Murphy, Callaghan played a pivotal role in the rescue of a disabled British liner off the coast of Ireland: "Four times a hawser was hauled aboard the cruiser from the liner, that was about three times the cruiser's size, and four times the cable parted. The Captain was for abandoning the job. But not Dan. With superhuman strength and the full cooperation of his men, he finally secured the cable. For forty-eight hours the New Orleans stayed with the stricken vessel hauling it out of danger [and] finally handing it on to tugs from a North Ireland base."

Following the war, he settled in Georgetown, Washington, D.C. for two years with his wife and young son. During this time, he worked on reassignment of warrant and chief petty officers from the navy. Callaghan next served aboard the newly commissioned battleship USS Idaho (BB-42), commencing in October 1920. While his family moved back to Oakland, he began serving as a fire control officer on the Idaho. He left the Idaho in June 1923, returning to shore duties for two years before taking up the position of First Lieutenant on the USS Colorado (BB-45) in May 1925. The Colorado transported a shipment of gold to Australia before returning to the United States in 1926. His next assignment was the position of gunnery officer, on board the USS Mississippi (BB-41). Captain Thomas Hart wrote of Callaghan: "I can scarcely report too favorably on this officer. He is excellent generally and particularly; and he looks and acts the part. As gunnery officer, he is being highly successful and I unhesitatingly recommend him for almost any detail."

Callaghan left the Mississippi in July 1928 and worked in naval inspections for the next two years. He served as Aide to the Commander in Chief, US Fleet, and was promoted to the rank of Commander in June 1931. He then served as Executive Officer of the Naval Reserve Officer Training Corps at the University of California, Berkeley, before working on the USS Portland (CA-33). In 1938, US President Franklin Roosevelt asked his physician, Ross McIntire, to recommend someone for the position of Naval Aide. McIntire recommended Callaghan, who was appointed to the role in July 1938 and would fill it for the next three years. He was promoted to the rank of Captain in October 1938.

In May 1941, during the early stages of World War II, Roosevelt released Callaghan to take command of the cruiser USS San Francisco (CA-38). Roosevelt wrote: "It is with great regret that I am letting Captain Callaghan leave as my Naval Aide. He has given every satisfaction and has performed duties of many varieties with tact and real efficiency. He has shown a real understanding of the many problems of the service within itself and in relationship to the rest of Government."

In April 1942, he was promoted to the rank of rear admiral and was appointed as chief of staff to the Commander, South Pacific Area and South Pacific Force Vice Admiral Robert L. Ghormley. In November, as commander of Task Group 67.4, he led US forces in an engagement off Savo Island during the Guadalcanal Campaign. During this battle, he was on the bridge of the USS San Francisco when incoming enemy fire killed him and most of his command staff on November 13, 1942. At that time, he became the third US Navy admiral killed in action during World War II. He received the Medal of Honor posthumously for his efforts in this battle.

Following the explosion, Lieutenant Commander Bruce McCandless assumed operational command of the San Francisco. Earlier in the battle, Rear Admiral Norman Scott had been killed, so two US commanders had now been lost, as well as several of their staff. Despite the deaths of so many senior officers, the battle ended in a strategic victory for the Allied side.

In hindsight, Callaghan was criticized for not putting his five ships that had the superior SG radar systems at the ends of his column, for not using one of them as his flagship, for directing the battle from his flagship's bridge instead of the radar plot, for not issuing his battle plans to his captains, and for issuing confusing orders during the battle. Analysis of the battle led to a rapid improvement in USN techniques for fighting in poor visibility, particularly in the adoption of combat information centers.

Callaghan was buried at sea. He was survived by his wife, Mary Tormey Callaghan, and son, Daniel Judson Callaghan Jr. (1915–2006). His brother William Callaghan would later become the first captain of the USS Missouri (BB-63), a vice admiral, and the first commander of the Military Sea Transportation Service.

By order of President Roosevelt, both Rear Admirals Callaghan and Scott were posthumously awarded the Navy version of the Medal of Honor.
</blockquote>

== Other Information ==
From researcher Kathy Franz:
<blockquote>
Daniel’s governess, Mrs. Frank J. Sutter, recalled after his death that he had his first sailor suit when he was ten. She supervised the games played by the young Callaghans which always ended in an army versus navy contest. Daniel would spend hours gazing out the nursery window sighting imaginary battleships, and he would entertain his siblings with vivid and fantastic tales of sea battles. Per the Santa Cruz Sentinel, November 22, 1942.

Daniel married Mary Tormey on July, 23, 1914, at the St. Frances de Sales Church in Oakland.

On April 3, 1916, at Mare Island, Daniel and Lieut. Leo Sahm (’03) and Charles M. Yates (’08) were named to a board of investigation. They were investigating the breaking of the crank shaft of the naval reserve cruiser Marblehead.

Per The San Francisco Examiner, Daniel and other officers of the torpedo-boat destroyer Hull were hosts at a luncheon given on board the ship Tuesday, April 25, 1916. Hosts included Lt. Joseph A. Murphy (‘09,) Lt. Bernard Wills (‘10,) Lt. Daniel J. Barbey (‘12,) Lt. Harvey Haislip (‘11,) Ensign Walter Doyle (’13,) and Ensign Walker Cochran (‘13.)

Daniel graduated from the University of San Francisco, and he was honored at its annual dinner in November 1942. Per Judge Melvin Cronin, the honor had already been planned before his death.

Daniel’s father was one of nine children. His aunt was Jeannette, the wife of Admiral James Raby. Raby graduated from Annapolis in 1895, and their son John graduated in 1929.

Daniel’s grandfathers were Daniel Callaghan and Judson Wheeler. His grandfather Daniel, an early pioneer, came to California in 1852. He later started the First National Bank in San Francisco. His brother Jeremiah came to California in 1849. During the gold rush days, Daniel’s grandfather Judson Wheeler owned the Paragon Mine in Bath, Placer County.

Daniel’s father was (Charles) William, and his mother was Rose (Wheeler). His brother William became a Rear Admiral. The other brother was Charles. Their sisters were Rose Marie (Mrs. John Cronan) and Jane (Mrs. Philip Costello).
</blockquote>

His wife was [http://www.naval-history.net/WW2UScasaaDB-USNbyNameC.htm listed as] next of kin; he was [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/108849696/daniel-j.-callaghan also survived by his son]. He has [https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186104120/daniel-judson-callaghan a memory marker] in California.

== Medal of Honor ==
From [https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/572 Hall of Valor]:
<blockquote>
The President of the United States of America, in the name of Congress, takes pride in presenting the Medal of Honor (Posthumously) to Rear Admiral Daniel Judson Callaghan (NSN: 0-7635), United States Navy, for extraordinary heroism and conspicuous intrepidity above and beyond the call of duty on board the U.S.S. San Francisco, during action against enemy Japanese forces off Savo Island on the night of 12 - 13 November 1942. Although out-balanced in strength and numbers by a desperate and determined enemy, Rear Admiral Callaghan, with ingenious tactical skill and superb coordination of the units under his command, led his forces into battle against tremendous odds, thereby contributing decisively to the rout of a powerful invasion fleet, and to the consequent frustration of a formidable Japanese offensive. While faithfully directing close-range operations in the face of furious bombardment by superior enemy fire power, he was killed on the bridge of his flagship. His courageous initiative, inspiring leadership, and judicious foresight in a crisis of grave responsibility were in keeping with the finest traditions of the U.S. Naval Service. He gallantly gave his life in the defense of his country.

Service: Navy<br/>
Division: U.S.S. San Francisco (CA-38)<br/>
</blockquote>

== Photographs ==
There are [https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/us-people/c/callaghan-daniel-j-1938-1940.html two sets] of [https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/us-people/c/callaghan-daniel-j-naval-aide-to-president-roosevelt-1938-1940.html informal photographs] of Daniel while he was Naval Aide to the President, as well as [https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/us-people/c/callaghan-daniel-j-1931-1938.html others from various points] in his career.

<gallery mode=packed heights=350px style="text-align:left">
File:1911 Callaghan 1.jpg|"Photographed at South Pacific Headquarters, 1942. Official U.S. Navy Photograph, now in the collections of the National Archives."|link=https://valor.militarytimes.com/hero/572
File:1911 Callaghan 2.jpg|"As Captain Daniel Judson Callaghan on the bridge of his flagship USS San Francisco (CA-38), circa 1941-1942."|link=https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Daniel_J._Callaghan#/media/File:Dan_Callaghan_1942.jpg
File:1911 Callaghan 5.jpg|"Photographed circa the mid-to-late 1920s. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph."|link=https://www.history.navy.mil/our-collections/photography/us-people/c/callaghan-daniel-j/nh-64335.html
File:1911 Callaghan 3.jpg|link=https://www.findagrave.com/memorial/186104120/daniel-judson-callaghan#view-photo=164699761
File:1911 Callaghan 4.jpg|"Photographed in civilian clothes while he was the Naval Aide to President Franklin D. Roosevelt, circa 1940. U.S. Naval History and Heritage Command Photograph."|link=https://www.history.navy.mil/content/history/nhhc/our-collections/photography/us-people/c/callaghan-daniel-j/nh-64343.html
File:1911 Callaghan 6.jpg|"Queen Elizabeth also enjoyed the welcome as she rode with Mrs. Roosevelt. Back to camera is Captain Daniel Callaghan, naval aide to the President. In another car was King George VI with President Roosevelt. They traveled two miles from the railroad station to the Capitol." From the Stockton Daily Evening Record on June 9, 1939.
File:1911 Callaghan 7.jpg|From the Oakland Tribune on November 11, 1939
</gallery>

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|column2=[[SEYMOUR D. OWENS, CDR, USN|ENS Seymour Owens '31]] (USS Pennsylvania)<br />[[JAMES L. KEMPER, LCDR, USN|ENS James Kemper '32]] (USS Pennsylvania)<br />[[FRANCIS M. DOUGLASS, LT, USN|ENS Francis Douglass '32]] (USS Pennsylvania)}}}}
{{ND|date=July 1933|rank=Commander|command=University of California, Berkeley, California|billet=ROTC}}
{{ND|date=October 1933|rank=Commander|command=University of California, Berkeley, California|billet=ROTC}}
{{ND|date=April 1934|rank=Commander|command=University of California, Berkeley, California|billet=ROTC}}
{{ND|date=July 1934|rank=Commander|command=University of California, Berkeley, California|billet=ROTC}}
{{ND|date=October 1934|rank=Commander|command=University of California, Berkeley, California|billet=ROTC}}
{{ND|date=January 1935|rank=Commander|command=University of California, Berkeley, California|billet=ROTC}}
{{ND|date=April 1935|rank=Commander|command=University of California, Berkeley, California|billet=ROTC}}
{{ND|date=October 1935|rank=Commander|command=University of California, Berkeley, California|billet=ROTC
|others={{NDcolumns|columns=3|column1=[[WILLIAM G. MYERS, CDR, USN|LTjg William Myers '26]]}}}}
{{ND|date=January 1936|rank=Commander|command=University of California, Berkeley, California|billet=ROTC
|others={{NDcolumns|columns=3|column1=[[WILLIAM G. MYERS, CDR, USN|LTjg William Myers '26]]}}}}
{{ND|date=April 1936|rank=Commander|command=USS Portland|billet=executive officer
|others={{NDcolumns|columns=3|column1=[[JOHN G. TENNENT, III, CDR, USN|LTjg John Tennent, III '32]]}}}}
{{ND|date=July 1936|rank=Commander|command=USS Portland|billet=executive officer}}
{{ND|date=January 1937|rank=Commander|command=USS Portland|billet=executive officer}}
{{ND|date=April 1937|rank=Commander|command=USS Portland|billet=executive officer}}
{{ND|date=September 1937|rank=Commander|command=Cruiser Division 5, USS Chicago|billet=operations officer
|parentCommand=USS Chicago
|others2={{NDcolumns|columns=2|column1=[[FRANCIS L. BLACK, CDR, USN|LT Francis Black '26]] (Scouting Force)<br />[[JAMES F. FITZPATRICK, JR., LCDR, USN|ENS James Fitzpatrick, Jr. '35]] (Cruiser Scouting Squadron (VCS) 5)
|column2=[[JOSEPH L. EVANS, LTJG, USN|ENS Joseph Evans '36]] (USS Chicago)}}}}
{{ND|date=January 1938|rank=Commander|command=Cruiser Division 5, USS Chicago|billet=operations officer
|others={{NDcolumns|columns=3|column1=[[MARK ESLICK, JR., CDR, USN|ENS Mark Eslick, Jr. '35]]}}
|parentCommand=USS Chicago
|others2={{NDcolumns|columns=2|column1=[[FRANCIS L. BLACK, CDR, USN|LT Francis Black '26]] (Scouting Force)<br />[[JAMES F. FITZPATRICK, JR., LCDR, USN|ENS James Fitzpatrick, Jr. '35]] (Cruiser Scouting Squadron (VCS) 5)
|column2=[[JOSEPH L. EVANS, LTJG, USN|ENS Joseph Evans '36]] (USS Chicago)}}}}
{{ND|date=July 1938|rank=Commander|command=White House, Washington, D.C.|billet=naval aide to the President}}
{{ND|date=January 1939|rank=Captain|command=White House, Washington, D.C.|billet=naval aide to the President}}
{{ND|date=October 1939|rank=Captain|command=White House, Washington, D.C.|billet=naval aide to the President}}
{{ND|date=June 1940|rank=Captain|command=White House, Washington, D.C.|billet=naval aide to the President}}
{{ND|date=November 1940|rank=Captain|command=White House, Washington, D.C.|billet=naval aide to the President}}
{{ND|date=April 1941|rank=Captain|command=USS San Francisco|billet=commanding officer
|others={{NDcolumns|columns=3|column1=[[JOSEPH C. HUBBARD, CDR, USN|LCDR Joseph Hubbard '21]]<br />[[THOMAS R. HINE, LT, USN|LTjg Thomas Hine '34]]
|column2=[[JOHN C. HANNA, LT, USN|ENS John Hanna '40]]
|column3=[[JAMES T. PRESTON, LCDR, USN|ENS James Preston '40]]}}
|others2={{NDcolumns|columns=2|column1=[[JOHN A. THOMAS, LT, USN|LTjg John Thomas '37]] (Cruiser Scouting Squadron (VCS) 6)
|column2=}}}}

== Namesake ==
Two ships, [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Callaghan_(DD-792) USS Callaghan (DD 792)] and [https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/USS_Callaghan_(DDG-994) USS Callaghan (DDG 994)] were named for Daniel; the first was sponsored by his widow and was the last allied ship sunk in World War II by a kamikaze.

{{ClassNav|PAGE_ID={{PAGEID}}|Name=Daniel|ClassYear=1911|PreviousPersonLink=FRANK C. MCCORD, CDR, USN|PreviousPersonName=Frank McCord '11|NextPersonLink=NORMAN SCOTT, RADM, USN|NextPersonName=Norman Scott '11}}

[[Category:1911|Callaghan]]
[[Category:US Navy|Callaghan]]
[[Category:KIA|Callaghan]]
[[Category:WWII|Callaghan]]
[[Category:Pacific|Callaghan]]
[[Category:Naval Battle of Guadalcanal|Callaghan]]
[[Category:Ship|Callaghan]]
[[Category:Task Force 67|Callaghan]]
[[Category:USS San Francisco (CA 38)|Callaghan]]
[[Category:Medal of Honor|Callaghan]]
[[Category:Navy Distinguished Service Medal|Callaghan]]
[[Category:Ship Namesake|Callaghan]]
[[Category:Task Force 67|Callaghan]]
{{KIA|panel=DANIEL JUDSON CALLAGHAN}}